What is Chaturmasya Vrata?
Chaturmasya, meaning "four months" in Sanskrit, is a sacred period of spiritual discipline observed primarily by devotees of Lord Vishnu and members of the Hare Krishna movement (ISKCON). It begins in the month of Ashadha (June–July) and concludes in Kartika (October–November), aligning with the period when Lord Vishnu is believed to be in a state of yogic sleep (Yoga Nidra).
This period falls during India’s monsoon season and is observed both in Vaishnava traditions and Vedic injunctions.
Why Do Devotees Observe Chaturmasya?
According to ancient texts, Chaturmasya is meant to reduce material indulgence and increase spiritual practices like mantra chanting, scriptural study, and service to the Lord. The A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, founder of ISKCON, emphasized that the real purpose of Chaturmasya is:
"To minimize the quantity of sense gratification and to enhance one’s devotional service to Krishna."
(Sri Chaitanya Charitamrita, Madhya-lila 4.169)
Period & Monthly Fasting Guide for Chaturmasya
Below is the monthly breakdown of Chaturmasya fasting regulations. Each month, one category of food is avoided by devotees.
| Period | Abstain from |
| July 10 – August 8 | Green leafy vegetables |
| August 9 – September 6 | Yogurt |
| September 7 – October 6 | Milk |
| October 7 – November 4 | Urad dal |
Monthly Details & Allowable Exceptions
1. Shravana Month – Avoid Leafy Vegetables (Shak)
Avoid: Red and green spinach, amaranth, etc.
Allowed: Coriander, curry leaves, methi leaves, mint (pudhina), and cabbage.
2. Bhadra Month – Avoid Yogurt (Curd)
Avoid: Buttermilk, lassi, kadi, pachadi.
Allowed: Minor use in curries (1–2 spoons), charanamrita even if it contains curd.
3. Ashvina Month – Avoid Milk
Avoid: Milk-based sweets, ice cream, milkshakes, condensed milk.
Allowed: Paneer, cheese, sweets like rasagulla and peda as they are transformed milk products. Charanamrita is also permitted.
4. Kartika Month – Avoid Urad Dal
Avoid: Dosa, idli, medu vada, and other urad dal-based foods.
Focus on simple, sattvic preparations.
Special Note on Festival Days
During major Vaishnava festivals such as Sri Krishna Janmashtami, Balarama Purnima, Radhashtami, and Govardhan Puja, all food preparations are offered to the Lord. The usual Chaturmasya restrictions do not apply during these celebrations. Devotees may prepare and honor all varieties of Krishna prasadam on these occasions.
Scriptural Roots of Chaturmasya
Chaturmasya is deeply rooted in Vedic scriptures:
- Skanda Purana mentions that circumambulating a Vishnu temple four times during Chaturmasya equals traveling all holy pilgrimage sites.
- In the karma-kanda section of the Vedas, it is said:
"Aksayyam ha vai chaturmasya-yajinah sukrtam bhavati"
(Those who perform this four-month penance attain inexhaustible merit.)
However, ISKCON devotees do not follow Chaturmasya for material benefits. The aim is always bhakti – pure devotional service to Sri Krishna.
Purpose for Sannyasis and Preachers
Traditionally, sannyasis (renunciants) stay in one place during the rainy season to engage deeply in study and spiritual teaching. In the Hare Krishna tradition, this time is used to nurture congregational development, giving devotees more access to spiritual guidance from traveling monks.
Benefits of Observing Chaturmasya
- Purifies the body and mind
- Minimizes dependence on sense gratification
- Increases discipline and self-control
- Elevates one’s consciousness to the mode of goodness (sattva-guna)
- Helps develop deeper Krishna consciousness
Related Links on HareKrishnaMandir.org
- ISKCON Festivals and Fasting Calendar
- Sri Krishna Janmashtami Celebrations
- Importance of Kartika Month & Damodar Vrat
- Bhagavad-gita As It Is – Online Reading
Conclusion
The Chaturmasya Vrata is not just about giving up certain foods—it is a spiritual offering, a conscious sacrifice to deepen one's devotional connection with Lord Krishna. By observing these simple yet powerful disciplines, devotees cultivate humility, purity, and unwavering faith.
Let us embrace this sacred period with sincerity and dedication, following the footsteps of our previous acharyas.
If you're observing Chaturmasya this year, join us at Hare Krishna Mandir, where we collectively honor this tradition with daily worship, discourses, and devotional activities.
Hare Krishna!
Below is a list of food items that should not be consumed during the Chaturmasya period:
| Month | Fasting From | Items to be avoided | Exceptions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shravana | Shak | Red and Green Spinach. All varieties of Shak (Green leafy vegetables) | Coriander leaves, Methi eaves, Pudhina and Curry leaves. However, Cabbage can be taken as it is not Shak. |
| Bhadra | Curd / Yogurt | Any item in which curd is the major ingredient: Kadi, Pacchadi, Butter milk, Lassi, etc. | If little curd (two or three spoons) is added in Sabji to get taste, it will not break the vow. Charanamrita should be honoured even if it contains curd in it. |
| Ashvina | Milk | Any item in which milk is the major ingredient: Sweet Rice preparation using milk, Milk Shakes, Ice Creams, Condensed Milk, etc. | Milk Sweets (like Peda, Rasagulla, Sandesh), Milk products (like Paneer, Cheese) since milk is transformed and used. Charanamrita should be honoured even if it contains milk in it. |
| Kartika | Urad Dhal | Idli, Dosa or any other preparation containing Urad Dhal should not be taken. |
